To use the PfRef1 you have to use an alternative aware mapper. bwa mem is doing this for example. 1. Generate the reference: We generated the PfRef1 here, called PfRef1.V1.fasta. 1a If you want to compile your own PfRef1, concatenate all the fasta sequences (Pf3D7 version 3.2 and the alternative sequences) into one called .fasta. Then generate a file called .fasta.alt that have the NAMES of the alternative sequences. Next, use bwa index .fasta to build the bwa index. 2. Mapping: Just use bwa mem PfRef1.V1.fasta Reads_1.fastq Reads_2.fastq > output.sam